Humayun

Nasir uddin Muhammad Humayun (OS 7 March 1508 AD – OS 17 January 1556 AD) was the second Mughal Emperor. He ruled Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530 to 1540. He was the son of the previous emperor, Babur.

His son was Akbar, one of the most famous emperors in Mughal history.

Military campaigns
In 1532, Humayun and Sher Shah Suri clashed on the battlefield. Humayun won the battle and capured Chunar. In 1534, Humayun defeated Bahadur Shah and captured Gujarat. Sher Shah meanwhile regrouped and defeated Humayun, at Chausa in 1539 and at Kanauj a year later.

Humayun was forced to go to Persia in exile, for 15 years. In 1555, Humayun returned to India and defeated the succesor of Sher Shah, Islam Shah and regained India.

Death
In 1556, Humayun had a fatal fall from the stairs of his private observatory; he was carrying books and he tripped as his feet were caught in his robe when he bent down on hearing the "azaan". All medical aid proved useless, and Humayun died.

 War with Bahadur Shah 

In 1531, Bahadur Shah overran Malwa and the next year he turned to Mewar. Humayun marched against Bahadur Shah and easily defeated his forces. Bahadur Shah fled to Ahemdabad and from there to Kathisawar.